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How Does A Chameleon Change its Colors ?


How Does A Chameleon Change its Colors ?

How does the chameleon change its colors from a bright green to a grey-black or to yellow spots? Did nature give the chameleon an automatic color changer for its skin, so that it could resemble its background wherever it goes?
Photo Taken from hezronkyle.wordpress.com
The strange fact about the chameleon's activity to change its color is that it is not caused by the color of its surroundings! The chameleon pays no attention to its surroundings.

The skin of chameleon is transparent. Underneath its skin, there are layers of cells which contain yellow, black, and red coloring matter. When these cells expand or contract, we see a change in the color of the chameleon.
Photo Taken From scienceprojectideasforkids.com

But what makes those cells go to work? When the chameleon becomes angry or frightened, its nervous system sends a message to the cells. Anger cause the colors to darken; excitement and fright bring paler shades and yellow spots.

Sunlight also affects the chameleon's colors. Hot sunlight will make those cells turn dark, or almost black. High temperature without sunlight usually produce green colors, low temperature produce green colors. And darkness makes the chameleon fade to a cream color with yellow spots.

So wee see that various things like emotion, temperature, and light cause, the nervous system of the chameleon to make its color cells perform their tricks, and not the color of its surroundings.

It so happens, of course, that these changes in color help the chameleon become almost invisible to its enemies like snakes or birds. And because the chameleon is such a slow-movng animal, it needs this kind of protection to save its life.

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Bagaimana Bunglon Merubah Warna Kulitnya?

Bagaimana seekor bunglon bisa merubah warnanya dari hijau terang menjadi hitam keabu-abuan atau menjadi bercak-bercak kuning ? Apakah sudah diatur oleh alam bahwa seekor bunglon mampu berubah warna (mimikri) sesuai lingkungannya ?

Fakta menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mimikri bunglon "tidak" disebabkan oleh lingkungannya. Bunglon berubah warna "bukan" karena bentuk kamuflase dari serangan musuh. Bahkan bunglon sendiri tidak "peduli" pada lingkungan sekitarnya.

Kulit bunglon sebenarnya transparan. Di bawah permukaan kulitnya terdapat lapisan sel yang mengandung pigmen warna kuning, hitam, dan merah. Ketika sel-sel tersebut menyusut atau merenggang perubahan warna terjadi.

Namun bagaimana hal tersebut bisa terjadi? Perubahan warna kulit ternyata tergantung suasana hati si bunglon. Ketika bunglon marah atau pun merasa terancam, sistem saraf akan menyampaikan pesan ke lapisan-lapisan sel yang terdapat di bawah pemukaan kulitnya yang transparan tersebut. Warna gelap muncul saat bunglon marah, sedangkan warna pucat dan bercak-bercak kuning muncul saat bunglon merasa senang atau terancam.

Cahaya matahari juga mempengaruhi warna kulit bunglon. Cahaya matahari yang panas akan membuat sel-sel berubah menjadi gelap menghitam. Suhu yang tinggi tanpa disertai cahaya matahari merangsang sel-sel untuk memproduksi warna hijau. Warna hijau juga muncul apabila suhu rendah. Saat malam atau berada di dalam kegelapan bunglon berubah menjadi pucat dengan bercak-bercak kuning.

Dengan demikian kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan warna kulit pada bunglon dipengaruhi oleh suasana hati (mood), suhu, dan intensitas cahaya, bukan karena untuk menyesuaikan warna lingkungan sekitar.

Namun tidak dipungkiri pula bunglon yang dikategorikan sebagai hewan lamban ini dengan kemampuannya berubah warna kulit mampu melindungi diri dan mengelabuhi musuh dan pemangsa, seperti ular dan burung.


Can You See The Chameleon?


Photo Taken From myimaginarylife.blogspot.com

EMANG GA ADA KALEE ....

Source: A Book "Tell Me Why?" by Arkady Leokum

translated by Cahya Ferry Kusuma

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