How Did Custom of Kissing Start ?






We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long before it became this, it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as an expression of homage.

In many African tribes the natives kiss the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect and homage from the earliest times. The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes as a form of dignified greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the less important one has had to his kiss his hands, and the least important ones were only allowed to kiss his feet!

It is quite probable that the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother would fondle her child, just as as a mother does today. It only remained for society to accept this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

We have evidence that this was already the case by time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was practised long before that. The first country where the kiss became accepted in courtship and love was in France. When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended with a kiss.

From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to copy the custom of France, adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper classes. A kiss from the Tsar became one of the highest form of recognition from the Crown.

In time, the kiss became a part of courtship. As marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, of course we regard the kiss as as an expression of love and tenderness. But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is a part of formal and is intended to convey respect and homage





Note:

This Article is writen by Arkady Leokum book entitled TELL ME WHY: "How did the custom of Kissing start?" Chapter 2 pg. 148 I can't find it on the Internet so I just want to post it since the information maybe a huge attractive information. Thanks Leokum !

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Nothing Beats An Astronaut !

Men's Roles and Representations in Axe 'Apollo' Body Spray Commercial



The idea of representation is to understand the production of meaning through texts. Texts are nothing but representations both as material and ideological sense. Semiotics explains the meaning behind the advertisement and who the company is targeting to. This brand is promoting their new men’s body spray as well as offering a contest for audiences to go to space. In some extent this commercial not only has political meaning but also invokes gender stereotypical roles. According to the Axe Apollo commercial men’s roles and representation are categorized as follows; 

Axe Apollo Commercial – Fireman (duration 1:10 minutes)
 
The commercial shows firemen who are struggling to put the fire out of house, and a woman is trapped close to the window crying for help. Suddenly one fireman fearlessly runs into the house to rescue the woman. He heroically carries her out of the house as she weakly there in his arms. Just as they stare each other romantically, the woman turns her head to see an astronaut, and immediately runs towards him instead, showing a greater attraction towards him. A caption on the screen reading “Nothing beats an astronaut” appears on the screen, and a voice talks about the new “Axe Apollo.”

Analysis: Man in this commercial is presented fearless and challenge-lover shown in his guts to go inside the burning building. Fireman profession also plays an important role to construct the representation as this job is both very risky and manly. Man is presented muscular (an ideal body) as symbol of strength shown after taking his suits to wrap up the woman. Man is presented macho seen in bearded face as symbol of manhood. Man is presented serious and agile seen in how quick and easy the fireman rescue the woman; Man is presented heterosexual seen in how the fireman and the woman romantically stare each other. His orientation may refer to the woman presence that may potentially reflect sexual object. Supported by Allison Protas in her symbolism dictionary ‘Fire’ may refers to sexuality - "light my fire" and fertility.


Axe Apollo – Lifeguard (duration 1:10 minutes)
In the commercial, the characters are at the beach, and a woman is crying for help in the water as a shark is swimming towards her. The male lifeguard fearlessly rushes into the water to save the woman, wrestles with the shark and saves her. He heroically carries her out of the water as she is weak there in his arms. The male lifeguard lays the woman down on the beach and we can see a definite attraction between them. The woman stares the man as if she is about to kiss the man who has taken his courage to save her – but then she runs toward a strange and geeky-looking man who wears an astronaut suit, showing a greater attraction towards him. As predicted a caption on the screen displays reading “Nothing beats an astronaut” appears on the screen, and a voice talks about the new “Axe Apollo.”

Analysis: Again. Man’s role is presented as a hero. This time the manly and cool profession of men is presented as a lifeguard. Man is represented as fearless figure seen in his wrestling scene with the deadly giant shark. Man is presented muscular seen in the exploration of his body. Man is presented heterosexual seen in how the lifeguard and the woman romantically stare each other. This situation is supported in almost-kissing scene. The lifeguard is attributed with red suit. Allison says that “red is an emotionally charged color. It is associated the masculine. It can also mean love, passion, health, and/or sexual arousal.” Man is presented as either ruler or adventurous since the setting is attributed to nature. Besides the lifeguard actively observes and precisely controls the situation in the beach. 


Axe Apollo Commercial – Sorry Dario! (Duration 0:30 seconds)
The character in the commercial is Scottish racing driver best known as Dario Franchitti. This commercial features a flashback of his impressive winning in the 2012 Indianapolis 500, but nothing beats an astronaut, according to Axe Body Spray. He won the race and audience and his crew are screaming out loud with joy. As the winner slows down and takes off his helmet his crews are rushing wildly NOT towards him but to a man in astronauts suits walking on the race track. Afterward people are cheering up as the astronaut receives the cup of the championship as if he is the one who won the race. Last caption on the screen displays reading “Nothing beats an astronaut” appears on the screen, and a voice talks about the new “Axe Apollo.”

Analysis: This commercial reflects a commodification of sports. The character is a real racing driver. The advertiser tries to attract audiences by comical scene. Man in this commercial strongly presented as sporty or sport-lover. According to my opinion although this video features twist (the winner doesn’t get the cup) man in this commercial is still presented as hero—in terms of sports sportsmen may be regarded as a hero in their nation.

Axe Apollo Commercial– Romeo VS Axe Astronaut (duration 0:45 seconds)
Axe Apollo Commercial – Prince Charming VS Axe Astronaut (duration 0:37 seconds)

 
The character in the fourth commercial depicts the ironic ending part of story Romeo and Juliet. Romeo finds Juliet died and he decides to commit suicide. But then Juliet wakes up finding Romeo died for Romeo doesn’t know that she fakes the death. Just as she wants to stab herself with a knife a man with astronaut suit enters the church. As attracted to the astronaut Juliet cancel her intention to commit suicide. She runs toward the astronaut.  Last caption on the screen displays reading “Nothing beats an astronaut” appears on the screen, and a voice talks about the new “Axe Apollo.”

The last commercial is designed based on popular stories. But this is a video-game version. The video features an Axe astronaut fight against Prince charming. The background depicts a sleeping beauty. The battle last two round resulting in Axe Astronaut win all rounds. Last caption on the screen displays reading “Nothing beats an astronaut” appears on the screen.

Analysis: The advertiser may perceive that literature may become a big shot to be commodified. The representation of man in these two videos (Romeo and Prince Charming) may cover an ideal man in old-fashion term since the two are representative of fairy tales—created in the past time. Romeo represents rebellious and loyal man because Romeo is out of rule of family to stay away from Juliet’s family. He sticks to what he believes that true love really exists. He prefers die to live without Juliet (best described in the commercial). Prince Charming represents that ideal man is high-postured and comes from wealthy royal family background as we can clearly notice from the title and the typical royal attire.

The two videos actually well-describe that fiction characters like Prince Charming or even Romeo are no longer tempting to the princess and Juliet like in any happy ending of fairy tales. A new happy ending story in the commercial always ends that the most charming man is an astronaut. Nothing beats an astronaut! This redefined male as a role model for man and an ideal figure for woman may be called as a hierarchy constructed by Axe Apollo. The next section I will further concerns on the hierarchy-political economy and commodification. 
 
The Political Economy "Commodification and Hierarchy" 

Burton (2005) defines commodification as process of creating commodity, of turning every aspect in our cultural society into commodity and put the price of it. The price may probably be more than 'the goods' that are worth in factual terms, say education, profession, ethnical race, and sport. In Axe Apollo Body Spray the advertiser attempts to comodify masculinity, profession, sport, literature work and fairy tale.

The advertiser takes advantage on astronaut profession as their main commodity to sell Axe Apollo Body Spray. The advertiser creates a new point of view (hierarchy) concerning the men’s role and how to be an ideal one. The commercials well represent that being fireman, lifeguard, or racing driver is very nice but in the last scene of all commercials the astronaut seems more attractively and sexually appeals the female. So Axe is pointing out that if you use their product—especially Apollo variant, you will become a better and more attractive guy compared to the fireman, lifeguard, racing driver, Romeo, and Prince Charming.

In short you will become the most attractive one if you are an astronaut. This hierarchy actually refers to the contest that the AXE Apollo producer has arranged. Andrew Adam Newman writes in New York Times published on January 10, 2013 “to promote a new variant called Apollo, the Unilever brand will take 22 consumers into space. The former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, as a spokesman, announced the contest at a private media event at the Hayden Planetarium in Manhattan on Wednesday evening. The brand refers to the effort as the Axe Apollo Space Academy, or AASA, meant to rhyme with NASA. Axe is contracting with theSpace Expedition Corporation, which plans to begin conducting commercial flights on Lynx (writer: Europe Version of AXE), a suborbital space plane, in 2014. The Lynx, which is being developed by XCOR Aerospace, will take off and land horizontally, like an airplane, and use rocket power to blast into space.”

Taylor Morello’s understanding describes that the astronaut is portrayed as the most appealing profession and attractive guy to the woman subject. He represents “the best” version of the male subjects, and also represents the product, Axe Apollo. And my point concerns on that commercial is always profit-oriented, persuade audience in the most attractive and entertaining way to buy the product.
 
Reference
AXE. (2013, Jan 9). Axe Apollo Fireman Ad [You Tube]. Project Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjzGaSQX0iU
AXE. (2013, May 22). Axe Apollo, Sorry Dario. [You Tube]. Project Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=MNqNIg4J4FA Dario
AXE. (2013, Feb 3). Axe Apollo - Lifeguard TV Commercial (Full-Length) [You Tube]. Project Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWpNTNjyzr8
AXE. (2013, May 22). Street Fighter Edition – Prince Charming VS Axe Astronaut. [You Tube]. Project Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LCYrSPLgac
AXE. (2013, Feb 3). Axe Apollo – Romeo VS Axe Astronaut. [You Tube]. Project Report. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxDpfkaFHrI
Burton, G. (2005). Media and Society, critical perspective. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Morello, T. (2013, February 8). [Web Log Post] Advertisement Analysis: Axe Apollo. Retrieved from http://bankofopinions.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/advertisement-analysis-axe-apollo/
Newman, A. A. (2013). Advertising: Launching a Fragrance Line (In a Manner of Speaking. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/business/media/for-axes-apollo-line-a-campaign-found-in-space.html
Protas, A. Geoff, B. Smith, J. Jaffe, E. (2001). Dictionary of Symbolism. Retrieved from http://www.umich.edu/~umfandsf/symbolismproject/symbolism.html/


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A SALAD BOWL

Adapted from American identity slogan "A Salad Bowl" This blog contains various moments that The M-Stylist shares. It's me, M-Stylist -Moments Stylist. Sorry if the name is pretty lame and freak. But I love to be Freak! it's like my middle name *ups

Like all nerd as usual, in this blog I nerdly capture things I love, share my style of mind, post my God-bless Paper, and... lemme figure what's next...

Have Fun Reading Nerds!

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